Suchergebnisse

This paper provides novel evidence on differences in health outcomes of children in religious and non-religious families in Russia. The health indicators analyzed include the subjective health status and anthropometric outcomes. The endogeneity of religiosity is accounted for. The empirical findings suggest that if both parents are religious, their religiosity does not affect children's height-for-age, but increases children's body mass index and subjective health. Father's religiosity has a stronger salutary effect than mother's religiosity. In fatherless families, children's health is more strongly affected by mother's education and employment status than in two-parent families. All findings are stronger for older children. These results underscore the importance of considering both maternal and paternal characteristics for family-oriented policies that target the protection of children's health. Also, policies protecting children's health should target single mothers as a particularly vulnerable social group.

The paper focuses on the interaction of Russian parishioners and Russian parish priests in the early 20th century. The research analyzes Russian citizens' appeals to the first State Duma and articles written by the Russian clergy and published in periodical press. The analysis shows that the necessity to pay surplice-fees to the church treasury and to endow parish priests with the altarage created a general resentment and dissatisfaction with the church and the clergy.

The article analyzes the state of research of the state policy of identity in Russian political science as one of the most significant in the theoretical and political-practical terms of the topics of interdisciplinary body of knowledge about identity. The author shows two stages in the development of this issue in Russian political science, brings evidence of the institutionalization of this area of research. The article provides an overview of the scientific landscape of Russian research on the problem of state policy of identity, uncovers the strengths and weaknesses, as well as the stages of the formation of this topic, and determines the most significant discrepancies in the views of Russian researchers. Special attention has been given to the problem of the relationship between civil and national-state identity as a result of the implementation of the state policy of identity, the change in the role of traditional social and political institutions in this process. The problems of reducing the role of traditional and political institutions in the process of forming the political attitudes of citizens are stressed. The paper cites selected excerpts from expert interviews to confirm the differences in the views of scientists. The author focuses on the systemic problems of the development of modern Russian political science, which limit the possibilities of development of its individual directions. Among them there are unjustified subjective feelings of the seconddary nature of research and theoretical attitudes of Russian scientists, unfounded popularization of certain topics, "fashion" for specific scientific approaches, the development of citation practices on the "regional" principle. In addition, the results of the developments of scientists are in demand in real politics, which can also have its side negative effects, for example, in the form of the development of ideas about the fundamental possibility of forming a unified national-state identity with given parameters in large social groups and political communities.

In the report there is analyzed the impact of the main scenario of competition for candidates for the presidency of Russia in the March 2018 elections for the electoral behavior of Russian students. We made an empirical study (2518 respondents, questionnaires; series of focus groups) in order to identify the level of electoral activity and models of electoral absenteeism of Russian students, motivation to participate in voting and refusal to vote, the system of factors determining the strategy of behavior in elections, etc. In the course of the study, the role of social networks in the electoral moods formation of Russian students was revealed, an assessment of the state of the two components of the student's political identity (ideological and personified identity) was analyzed, and the influence of the socio-demographic and status characteristics of Russian students on their electoral behavior was analyzed. It was discovered the accumulation of systemic and situational factors that determine the strategy of students' electoral behavior in the situation of obvious outcome of voting.

This article explores a significant scientific problem and an actual issue of real politics, understanding the process and the specifics of the state identity politics. State identity politics is connected with symbolic politics and, in particular, the politics of historical memory. While much has been written on this topic, the lack of a reasonable unambiguous interpretation of such concepts as "state identity", "national and state identity", "civic identity" suggests that more can be said. This article provides information on the development of the theory of identity politics, describes the developmental directions of the concept of state identity politics, identifies the problems of constructing the basic matrix of state identity, identifies the problem areas for the formation of the political elite model of state identity, and discusses the hidden conflicting characteristics of state identity politics. The author focuses on developments on these issues of Russian political scientists. A separate point of discussion is the formation of state identity politics in the so-called "new" states, which have to use technologies including "post-truths" to prove the uniqueness and authenticity of the history of their states. The author believes that at present the financial, organizational and technical resources that a state uses to implement the identity politics are becoming the object of competition between various political forces and public opinion leaders from among civil activists. Attempts to create a unified model of state identity, which different layers of citizens would accept, is actually doomed to failure. This study was funded by RFBR and EISR; the research project № 19-011-31616 "State policy in the field of identity formation: conceptual foundations, technologies and prospects".

This article explores a significant scientific problem and an actual issue of real politics, understanding the process and the specifics of the state identity politics. State identity politics is connected with symbolic politics and, in particular, the politics of historical memory. While much has been written on this topic, the lack of a reasonable unambiguous interpretation of such concepts as "state identity", "national and state identity", "civic identity" suggests that more can be said. This article provides information on the development of the theory of identity politics, describes the developmental directions of the concept of state identity politics, identifies the problems of constructing the basic matrix of state identity, identifies the problem areas for the formation of the political elite model of state identity, and discusses the hidden conflicting characteristics of state identity politics. The author focuses on developments on these issues of Russian political scientists. A separate point of discussion is the formation of state identity politics in the so-called "new" states, which have to use technologies including "post-truths" to prove the uniqueness and authenticity of the history of their states. The author believes that at present the financial, organizational and technical resources that a state uses to implement the identity politics are becoming the object of competition between various political forces and public opinion leaders from among civil activists. Attempts to create a unified model of state identity, which different layers of citizens would accept, is actually doomed to failure. This study was funded by RFBR and EISR; the research project № 19-011-31616 "State policy in the field of identity formation: conceptual foundations, technologies and prospects".

The report will analyze the models and technologies of state identity policy formation in modern "new states". The report shows effective strategies and institutional practices of identity policy pursued in modern states, designed to ensure the symbolic unity of the citizens of these "new" countries, political stability and political regime stability. The methodological basis of the research is a combination of the principles of constructivism and neoinstitutionalism, since the subjectivity of the state as a political actor in pursuing an identity policy is combined with the need to consolidate its results in specialized formal and informal practices, to create certain political and social institutions. The reported study was funded by RFBR and EISR according to the research project № 19-011-31616 "State Policy in the Field of Formation of Identity: Conceptual Foundations, Technologies and Prospects" in Saint Petersburg State University.

The article examines the 1952 "Book of Tasty and Healthy Food" in the context of the development of mass agitation and propaganda in the USSR. This colorful and richly illustrated publication was not only a guide to cooking, but also set the task of planting the idea of the achievements of socialist construction in people's mind. The book proclaimed the triumph of the Soviet food industry and housing construction development. It was the first to describe such a social space as the kitchen, a place for cooking, and it dealt with a personal kitchen, and the appearance of gas stoves and refrigerators. The author shows that the guide, not least of all set the goal of stimulating the buying activity of citizens in order to replenish the state budget. The recipes presented in the book were aimed at different income strata of the society and people of various occupations. The book advertised delicatessen products: black caviar, artichokes, champagne, sturgeon, etc. At the same time, some of the recipes were targeted at working women, and the book featured a wide selection of convenience foods produced by the food industry. However, turning to the actual living conditions of citizens in this period allows us to conclude that for many readers the book was just a myth of a blissful life. The analysis of appeals made by citizens to the executive bodies shows that many of them did not even entertain the hope for the change for the better, and the process of modernization of the housing stock continued in violation of the norms of social justice. The abundance of food that was demonstrated in the book existed solely on paper. Even in large cities the distribution of food supplies to regular grocery stores was uneven. The situation in the provinces was even more patchy. In a planned economy, some foodstuffs were shipped over long distances. All this created the prerequisites for food shortage, and the "Book of Tasty and Healthy Food" was intended to fulfill, above all, an ideological mission.

The article analyzes the reader's interests of students of theological seminaries of the second half of the 19th — early 20th century. Libraries were a mandatory element of the functioning of theological seminaries. Memoirs of the seminarians provided the background for the present article. The author analyzes the state policy on formation of the ideological education of children of the clergy. The article describes the content of the libraries of theological seminaries and the mechanisms for their replenishment. The study is aimed to demonstrate that the library collections did not meet the interests of seminarians, and the reading circle of young people was being influenced by the social rise in Russia in the second half of the 19th century. Revolutionary populists were greatly affecting the reader's interests. The students of seminaries were willing to read the works of leading authors of that time: H.T. Buckle, H. Spencer, N.K. Mikhaylovsky, N.G. Chernyshevsky, D.I. Pisarev. An analysis of archival documents demonstrates that the government attempted to monitor what students read in theological seminaries. Books of the leading authors were banned and withdrawn. The seminarians sought to create their own reading circle. Therefore, many students made attempts to visit city libraries, to take books from friends and acquaintances, to create their own secret collections.The article reveals the history of secret libraries in Kostroma and Vladimir. The study helps to understand that the authors of the memoirs shared their reader's interests in order to show the impact of reading books by progressive authors. Most of the memoirs' authors claimed that the interest in the clandestine circles had been caused by a desire to diversify the monotonous daily life in seminaries. Seminarians read forbidden literature because of their interest in current problems of Russia and society.

Abstract
This thematic section focuses on health as a multilayered political, economic, and cultural phenomenon. Based on case studies from Southeastern Europe, the four articles in the section pose research questions that are important for understanding the interplay between personal experiences of using healthcare services, trust in the healthcare system, and the governance of healthcare service provision in the region. The articles build on complementary perspectives on individual experiences of interacting with healthcare providers, social issues, and public health strategies, drawing a multidimensional "health map" with interrelated but sometimes diverging arguments. This allows a better understanding of the issues of health and illness in turbulent times of social crises and provides a conceptual basis for healthcare policies in Southeastern Europe.

The article examines the emergence, development and current legal regulation of the sale and purchase agreement, and reveals the place of sale of quotas for greenhouse gas emissions in the system of civil contracts. The character of the sale of emission quotas between states is considered, as well as the legal nature of the quota sale (carbon units) contract in the framework of national jurisdictions. The authors conclude that the term "quota" means a quantitative limitation of greenhouse gas (G.H.G.) emissions, which should be understood as gaseous waste (G.W.), which has not received clear regulation in the national (Russian) law. Recognition of G.W. as a kind of industrial waste will make it possible to better understand and explain its legal nature, and directly the alienation of a certain amount (quota) of G.W. within the framework of civil legislation is the conclusion of a contract of sale of property rights belonging to the owner of G.W. to another business entity for a fee and for a certain period.